This is a controversial one.
Full Transcript #
So what we’re talking about today is isolating parts of a muscle. Get this topic
all the time. I can understand where it came from, I understand why this is a
thing that people talk about and I’m gonna explain why it’s not a thing.
I’m sure I will upset many individuals who have based their life off of training
people to isolate parts of the muscle, but you know, sorry, it’s not a thing.
So, speaking of upsetting people. Last night’s post that I made on Instagram and
on Facebook was about pull ups and I’ll get to this first ‘cause it actually
dove tails right into this conversation.
Hey Paul, how you doing? Oh, David Fish is on too, awesome, hey David.
Pull ups and how they can damage shoulder joints #
So, when we talk about pull ups, now the research shows that there’s more damage
in the shoulder joint with pull ups than there are with rows. Now, keep in mind
how research works. Also, Zack Salazar had a lot of problems with what I said
and he’s a really smart dude. So I really wanna explain from his perspective,
really why I believe this is a problem.
When a study is done—and this is something about scientific studies where
sometimes the press will run away with the wrong idea of what a study found. Or
they’ll look at some piece of data in the study and not really fully understand
the conclusion. Or maybe not wanna understand the conclusion and kind of
intentionally misread it.
When a study happens, what they do is they take one group and they do one thing.
They take another group and they do another thing. And then they compare the
data. What were the outcomes?
So they have a group of people who have consistently doing one or the other, you
know, one thing. And they have another group doing the other thing. So one group
doing bent over rows, another group doing pull ups, and who had more
inflammation in the joint? Often we don’t have, or let’s say there’s no
biomechanics specialist, or let’s say these individuals are unsupervised in the
study. And they go and, often, they do their own thing.
Well here’s the problem when you do a pull up. So, if I were to do a pull up I
would be about right here at the top position. The problem is when you lock out,
what happens is you have the opportunity to pull your shoulder back, and
sometimes people kip. So they rock their body forward and then use the momentum
to bounce off kind of the tendons and ligaments in here and pull themselves back
up. And the swing of their body to gets ‘em moving forward, so they just kind of
pop back into position.
Well, your tendons and ligaments are not rubber bands. They’re tissue that you
need functioning for the rest of your life. And also, keep in mind this joint
right here, this has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the human
body. So don’t fuck it up. You really have a lot of opportunity to screw up your
shoulder in your life.
So what I’m trying to do is encourage people to go the lower risk road and still
get the same or even greater gains. And so when I recommend the bent over row,
or when somebody says, “Hey should I throw in pull ups?” I go, “Yeah, yeah, pull
ups are okay.”
But what you wanna make sure is that you’re doing something that is gonna have
the greatest reward and the lowest risk. So, you can apply the same thing to
investing, right? Anything you do in life, you want a very high reward and a
very low risk. So when you do bent over row, especially with variable resistance
with X3, you’re exhausting different ranges of motion as you go through the
diminishing range and protocol and thereby stimulating a great amount of
muscular growth.
Now, I believe that relatively exhausts the questions on this. I will go back to
questions afterward. I saw you guys were smiling about something, did I miss a
good question? Is there a question? No? Okay.
Falsehood of Fitness: Isolating a part of a muscle #
So let’s talk about the falsehood of fitness of isolating a part of a muscle. So
I’m gonna go with an obvious outrageous example first, and then I’m gonna talk
about one that almost everybody seems to be a fan of. And then I’m gonna talk
about the clinical research on the subject.
So all the time we hear people talking about how, let’s say, one particular
physique star or athlete will have an incredibly tall peak on their bicep,
right? You’ll see him do that and it just like, wow they have a really tall
peak. And then, so they’re like, “Hey I’m gonna write a program! See if the
people on Instagram, they can see that.” Yeah.
What the question is: So somebody has an amazing bicep and they say, “Well,
here’s my routine, here’s how I did it.” And people think, okay so what this guy
did is how to build a bicep of that shape.
And so, like Robby Robinson for example, who was a bodybuilder in the, I think
even the 60s, 70s and 80s. He’s still in shape—animal, awesome guy and a cool
guy. I met him. So what he would talk about is outward rotation while he does
bicep work. And that’s how you build the peak ‘cause it really focuses on the
outer head. And having some training in physiology and biomechanics, your bicep
shortens, like the muscle shortens.
If that muscle is shortening, and it’s doing so in a way that your body
recognizes, especially in a multi-joint format or a stabilization and single
joint format—like if you’re activating your biceps via a bicep curl, there’s all
kinds of stabilization going on. You do pick up things with your bicep in a
single joint manner and have stabilization going through your whole body to
attenuate the forward, the sagittal abrupt loading. And so there’s all kinds of
effect there and hence the growth hormone effect that we’ve seen.
The shape of a muscle is like your fingerprint #
Okay, so what would happen was that Robby Robinson, he had amazing biceps and so
people wanted to know what his bicep routine was. But here’s the problem with
that. The shape of a muscle is like your fingerprint, right? Thumbprint. It was
that way always, so because the guy had an amazing shape of bicep, whatever he
did to make the muscle larger made it seem like he did that so that his bicep
would grow in a certain shape.
And the same thing with Arnold Schwarzenegger. How many, probably millions of
people, follow Arnold Schwarzenegger’s program because he had a bicep which
looked like an apple. Like the tendon was over here and it was really tall. So
you would just go, oh whatever he did shaped it like that. No, no, no, he was
born with that. And a monument to this is there’s a lot of people who try to
replicate that shape. And if they weren’t born with a bicep of that shape, they
didn’t get that.
Now here’s another example: when people who have big separation from upper to
lower pectorals. Some people do and some people don’t. They end up writing a
program about separating upper pectorals, except you can’t. That’s not how the
muscle fires.
Electromyography study #
So here’s a great study. And very strong evidence. Now I’ve said before,
electromyography is not everything, but it does show activity. So the idea you
can isolate a part of a muscle. This is where electromyography will be a good
test. So we would see based on how much of a part of a muscle is contracting. So
if we can do an exercise like an incline bench press, so you know you’re pushing
upward, or downward for a decline or for a straight bar you’re maybe getting a
balance of both.
So they tested these different protocols with bench press with 15 young men who
were doing repetitions and they put electrodes all over the pectorals. And what
they tried to do is they did an incline and a decline. Because what had been
said was a decline is more for lower pectorals, and the incline is more for
upper pectorals.
Now by the way, this came out in 1997, and this has been a standard thing. This
is a very famous study by Stephen Glass and Ty Armstrong, two researchers. And
was published in the National Strength Conditioning Association journal, the
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. So, top world journal. Great
paper, went through peer review.
And so what they discovered was there was no significant difference in activity
between upper and lower pecs no matter what they did. So hence this is a
falsehood of fitness, and this shit just doesn’t seem to want to go away. Like
I’ve tried to tell people this, you can’t isolate a part of a muscle. And I
think people just don’t like that answer.
And so we’re all victims at times of confirmation bias. Just look at how people
research political issues. They search for something that will give them the
answer they want, not the answer that is.
When somebody says I wanna grow my upper pectorals, there are trainers out there
who truly believe they’re helping people develop their upper pectorals. And so
here’s one thing to point out, if I push down and I look at what my pectoral
looks like, it looks thicker on the bottom. And if I push up like this, it looks
like my pectoral is thicker at the top. So it looks like it’s more contracted,
but it isn’t. Like these things shorten.
And one of the most ludicrous things I’ve seen recently is building the inner
pectoral, which is, you know, not a thing. I mean, that’s not even muscle,
that’s connective tissue. Like it’s where the muscle comes into the sternum, so
that’s not a thing.
Now if you do make your pectorals bigger, you will have a thicker inner chest.
But you’ll have a thicker chest and whatever shape, what you were born with,
like a thumbprint, is how it’s gonna look.
Now some people have no idea what the shape of a muscle is. And if they’re
carrying around a significant amount of body fat and they have an underdeveloped
muscle under there, so you know, what are you gonna look like when you’re
totally lean? Well, there’s only one way to find out and that’s get totally
lean.
Fantastic study again, Glass and Armstrong, 1997 Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research. I said I would only bore you guys with one reference, one
piece of academic research per one of these videos and I did that. Let’s open it
up for questions.